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Roper resonance : ウィキペディア英語版 | Roper resonance The Roper resonance, also known as P11(1440) or N(1440)1/2+, is an unstable baryon state/particle with a mass of about 1,440 MeV/c2 and with a relatively wide full Breit-Wigner width Γ≈300 MeV/c2. It contains three quarks (up (u) or down (d)) with total spin J=1/2 and total isospin I=1/2. In the quark model it is considered to be a radially excited three-quark state with radial quantum number N=2 and positive parity. The Roper Resonance has been a subject of many studies because its mass is actually lower than three-quark states with radial quantum number N=1. Only in the late 2000s was the lower-than-expected mass explained by theoretical calculations, revealing a quark core shielded by a dense cloud of pions and other mesons. ==Discovery== The Roper resonance was discovered in 1963 by a computer fit of particle-scattering theory to large amounts of pion-nucleon scattering data. The analysis was done on computers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for Ph.D. thesis work of (L. David Roper ) at Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the direction of (Prof. Bernard Taub Feld ) at MIT and (Dr. Michael J. Moravcsik ) at LLNL. The computer code was developed by (Richard Allen Arndt ) and Robert M. Wright.
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